A big problem for diabetics

I’ve written quite a bit about diabetes here and at my old blog, and I’ve explained to you how controlling blood pressure and cholesterol in diabetics prevents macrovascular disease, such as heart attack and stroke. I’ve also explained how controlling blood sugar prevents microvascular disease such as kidney failure and blindness. In type II diabetics, controlling blood sugar prevents disability and sometimes death. In type I diabetics, controlling diabetes with insulin is the only way to prevent a swift and painful death. Most non-diabetics, however, don’t know the details of how we control blood sugar.

Let’s take an example. A typical type I diabetic, who is completely dependent on insulin, will take a long acting (basal) insulin to keep glucose levels down between meals, and will also take a short acting insulin at meals to account for the extra glucose load. In order to know how much short-acting insulin to take, a diabetic has to insert a test strip into their glucometer, prick their finger with a small needle, and touch the drop of blood to the test strip. This is usually done (at least) on waking, before every meal, and at bedtime—at least four times per day. Thankfully, blood glucose monitors are quite inexpensive and last a long time. Test strips, however, are expensive and disposable. How expensive? Depending on the brand of meter being used, and how many times you need to test, $30-$200 per month. These strips are usually not covered by insurance.


To give a comparison, good medical treatment for coronary heart disease, which usually requires about four medications, costs around $16/month. Older forms of insulin are also rather inexpensive (but the newer ones are costly). Without insulin, diabetics die—fast. Without test strips, diabetics don’t know how much insulin to use.

In my private practice, most of my patients either can afford test strips, or have a Medicare plan that pays for them. In my residents’ hospital-based clinic, not so much. One of the biggest impediments to diabetes care for patients with little money is the inability to purchase test strips. Short of a single-payor health care system, what are we to do?

This issue couldn’t be more important, and can’t wait for health care reform. Diabetics need their test strips—yesterday. I don’t have a solution in mind yet, but I’m thinking. Should we agitate to make this a required benefit for all health plans? That won’t help the uninsured. Should we have a “diabetic care plan” for all diabetics, a sort of “diabetes insurance” that everyone who can pays into, and helps diabetics pay for life-saving insulin and test strips?

Ideas? Anyone?

Addendum

Write your reps!
https://forms.house.gov/wyr/welcome.shtml
http://www.senate.gov/reference/common/faq/How_to_contact_senators.htm

Dear [congressperson],

Diabetes is a serious disease affecting more than 20 million Americans. Part of the treatment of diabetes is the regular testing of blood glucose levels. In order to do this, diabetics must purchase glucometer test strips, which cost around a dollar a piece, and are usually not covered by insurance. For diabetics, especially those who have financial difficulties, the cost of test strips, which can be up to hundreds of dollars per month, makes diabetic treatment impossible.

I respectfully request that you look into potential solutions for this very serious problem, and bring this to the attention of your colleagues.

Sincerely….


Comments

  1. Lindata

    Do you know why test strips are so expensive? Are they patented? Is there competition? Is it a liability issue? My son-in-law is type I and my husband type 2.

  2. THANK YOU for talking about this! Yes, yes, yes, *please* fix this. It’s gone on too long.

    I’m lucky–my current health covers strips. But I’ve been in the ‘out of pocket’ club before. $1 per test can be $8-10 per day for type 1 diabetics. There is no other option, as you so correctly point out. I cannot guess or treat myself based on how I feel.

    Just ask yourself this: why is it, after 25+ years, that test strips–which have changed little technology-wise–are still $1 each?

  3. HOLY cow!!! I had no idea test strips were that expensive. That is a terrifying amount of money to have to shell out every month for as long as you want to live. I agree that the issue needs to be addressed! Let us know what we can do to help.

  4. I started a facebook group for brainstorming, and we can do it here as well. I figure there are a lot of smart folks out there who don’t know about this and who can help figure out a solution.

    http://www.facebook.com/home.php?ref=logo#/group.php?gid=29481801169

  5. We can’t possibly pay more if the government buys the strips outright and supplies them to diabetics at no cost than we would for disability and additional medical costs due to uncontrolled blood sugar for the same people. We should absolutely pay for these. We will either way.

  6. Write your reps!
    https://forms.house.gov/wyr/welcome.shtml
    http://www.senate.gov/reference/common/faq/How_to_contact_senators.htm

    Dear [congressperson],

    Diabetes is a serious disease affecting more than 20 million Americans. Part of the treatment of diabetes is the regular testing of blood glucose levels. In order to do this, diabetics must purchase glucometer test strips, which cost around a dollar a piece, and are usually not covered by insurance. For diabetics, especially those who have financial difficulties, the cost of test strips, which can be up to hundreds of dollars per month, makes diabetic treatment impossible.

    I respectfully request that you look into potential solutions for this very serious problem, and bring this to the attention of your colleagues.

    Sincerely….

  7. This is right on the money, PalMD. I intend to spread this around as much as possible and will link it on my own blog to facilitate such.

  8. Anonymous

    Thanks!

  9. Sam Steinmetz

    Thanks for bringing this up. As a person who up until April of this year was healthy, and only visited the Dr. for physicals, I ran into a wall called medical bills. As a law student, I couldn’t afford health insurance, or at least a plan that would cover a major injury or illness. After waking up from a coma, I found out I was a Type 1 diabetic, and this at the age of 29. While I cherish my life, don’t think that each day when I receive multiple phone calls from collectors as I try to pay the bills that I don’t wish I wouldn’t have made it, and my wife wouldn’t have to deal with this mess. My endocrinologist, who charges me $25 a visit, started out telling me my first visit that I should be against universal health care because he wouldn’t be able to give me the free samples of insulin he receives from the pharma companies. Now I love this guy for seeing me at such a cheap rate, and for providing me with free samples every week, but I can’t afford the meds nor a quality health plan, so tell me again why I should hate such coverage. Or at least tell me why I can’t get insurance that would cover my pre-existing condition now. But the testing strips are ridiculous. I have a father-in-law who is on medicare, and is a Type II Diabetic. He has generously given me much of his monthly supply. Still, I only test myself a couple of times a day. Always in the morning, to know how I am starting off, and usually for dinner. Occasionally I have to do it more than 2 times, but that is if I am feeling a bit weird. It helps me better predict my BG range in the future. Sorry for this being so long, but I read this site daily, and to see something that hits me so close to home riles me up.

  10. Short of a single-payor health care system, what are we to do?

    Why accept anything short of a single-payer system? I just can not understand why Americans are not in the streets “agitating” vehemently for your country to join the civilized world and adopt a universal health care program.

  11. How about if you reduce blood glucose by other means: i.e. tell them to stop eating starch and sugar, or at least introduce some meals where they avoid starch and sugar completely. Then they could test for a while to figure out what meals don’t cause their blood glucose to spike. The ones that don’t cause their blood sugar to spike they’d be able to forego the testing strips in the future.

    As for type 2 diabetes… this line of research looks promising http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17583796&dopt=AbstractPlus (small study size, but 14 out of 14 of the subjects eating a Paleo diet had normal fasting glucose after 3 months.)

  12. I’ve been a Type 1 diabetic since I was 3. But since I live in a country with socialised health system, I pay a flat $1.50 (yes, one dollar and fifty cents), for as many test strips as I’d like my doctor to prescribe me. That’s with postage included. The diabetes society here gets tax write offs and other benefits for every prescription they fill, so all they charge for is postage.

    So, my last order was for 10 bottles of 50 Advantage II strips. US$500 worth of kit for ~US$1. I simply couldn’t afford to live if I was in the US. Anyone who’s opposed to universal health care needs a reality check.

  13. liveparadox

    My endocrinologist, who charges me $25 a visit, started out telling me my first visit that I should be against universal health care because he wouldn’t be able to give me the free samples of insulin he receives from the pharma companies.

    AAArgh. If this country had universal health care, HE WOULDN’T HAVE TO! Besides, even in countries with universal health care, doctors get free samples from pharmaceutical companies, and they even give them out to patients sometimes (this from personal experience). Sorry about the yelling… but it makes me mad every time such bad-faith statements come to my attention.

    I’m a Canadian expat, and despite knowing all my life how things are here, I still can’t believe that this piece of basic human decency is still such an issue.

  14. @Will

    You suffer from a knowledge gap, and I blame myself, really.

    Type I diabetics make no insulin…none. They are dependent on exogenous insulin for life. Starving them will not work. Diet is not useful in treating Type I’s.

    Many type II’s are diet-responsive…this isn’t news. But even in diet-controlled diabetics, blood sugar monitoring is critical.

  15. Great post! I had no idea those things were so expensive. I actually have a question for you. I ran a past the other day on general diabetes information, and someone asked me about peripheral neuropathy. I really only have the most basic idea of how that works, do you have any information or sources to share on that? I’d really like to get back to them with some good information.

  16. I’ll get back to you, but PN is basically a microvascular complication of DM. Part of it may be damage to the small blood vessels supplying the nerves, but I’ll get to you on that.

  17. Thanks PalMD, for drawing attention to this issue. And to you scicurious for the great info. My wife is a Type II diabetic and we didn’t have all the info you provided. Come to think of it, so is my mother and her mother. Luckily, I’ve tested myself a few times just for fun* and my bgl is good.

    * when I say ‘fun’, I mean my wife chased me around and held me down while she pricked my finger with me shouting like a child. I hate needles. 😉

  18. Natalie

    Possibly stupid question – why in the world are test strips not covered by insurance? Seems to me that covering the stupid test strips would be a lot cheaper than paying for the inevitable ambulance ride, ER visit, hospitalization, and death of a diabetic who can’t afford the strips. This just makes no sense to me.

  19. PalMD, I have linked to this on my blog and have reprinted your sample letter. Thanks for helping to raise my awareness of this issue, and I hope we can all do some good for diabetics!

  20. Great post, and I agree that these strips should be covered for all people with diabetes. I’ve been a type 1 diabetic for 22 years and I test 10 – 15 times per day. Without insurance, that would be about $12 a day just for strips. Thankfully, my strips are covered (after co-pay) by my current insurance, but my past employer only covered 4 strips a day. I had to pay the difference. It’s unbelievably expensive to pay out of pocket for this item, which people with diabetes are using every day just to stay alive. Shouldn’t maintenance drugs be covered? How much does it cost to treat complications?!

    Thanks for sharing. Thanks for caring. I hope your post makes a difference for people with diabetes.

    – Kerri.
    http://www.sixuntilme.com

  21. 64C038C60

    California law requires that insurance companies cover all expenses that are medically necessary to treat diabetes:
    http://www.isletsofhope.com/diabetes/state-law/california-1.html

    California – State Diabetes Insurance Coverage Laws

    California Laws Mandating Diabetes Coverage

    Section 1367.51 of the Health and Safety Code; SB 64 – signed 9/27/99 – expands a 1981 law to include equipment, supplies and drugs.

    SB 2094 of 2000 – signed 9/30/2000 – updates coverage to include outpatient daily self-management training, education and medical nutrition therapy services.

    Cal. Health & Safety Code section 1367.51.Cal. Insurance Code section 10176.61.

    Summary of Provisions

    Requirement related to diabetes? Yes
    Diabetes Education services covered? Yes
    Medical nutritional therapy covered? Yes
    Diabetes supplies covered? Yes
    Specified supplies covered? Yes
    Cal. Health & Safety Code section 1367.51.

    (a) Every health care service plan contract, except a specialized health care service plan contract, that is issued, amended, delivered, or renewed on or after January 1, 2000, and that covers hospital, medical, or surgical expenses shall include coverage for the following equipment and supplies for the management and treatment of insulin-using diabetes, non-insulin-using diabetes, and gestational diabetes as medically necessary, even if the items are available without a prescription:

    (1) Blood glucose monitors and blood glucose testing strips.
    (2) Blood glucose monitors designed to assist the visually impaired.
    (3) Insulin pumps and all related necessary supplies.
    (4) Ketone urine testing strips.
    (5) Lancets and lancet puncture devices.
    (6) Pen delivery systems for the administration of insulin.
    (7) Podiatric devices to prevent or treat diabetes-related complications.
    (8) Insulin syringes.
    (9) Visual aids, excluding eyewear, to assist the visually impaired with proper dosing of insulin.

    Check the laws in your state.
    http://www.isletsofhope.com/diabetes/law/legal_1.html

  22. natural cynic

    A few points to add:

    Blood glucose monitoring is best when it is more frequent. Current best practice is to do it before meals, at 2 hours post-prandial and before exercise, driving and other activities. There are now a few continuous blood glucose monitoring devices that are implantable with a very small needle under the skin. They have to be changed every 3-5 days and cost ~$35.00 per device. Most who use them do so just to occasionally refine their insulin dose. And they are not totally reliable.

    Blood glucose monitoring technology has progressed quite a bit since it has started more than thirty years ago. When I worked at a diabetic camp long ago, we used an analog glucometer in some semi-emergencies that required a large drop of blood. The test strip needed to be washed after 60 sec. and put into what was essentially a spectrophotometer.
    The next innovation that I used was the visual strip. No machine needed and you could eyeball the reading after 60 or 30 sec covered with blood, then washing. One could readily tell whether you were hypoglycemic or the differences in blood glucose of 100 or 150 or 200. Probably a +/- of about 30 mg.dl. The nice thing was that you could split the strips into 2 or 3. Certainly helpful on a grad student stipend.
    Then came the first personal digital glucometer in a smaller package. You still had to put a large drop of blood on the strip and wash it after 60 sec before putting it into the meter. You couldn’t split these strips, but that was OK at the time since I had insurance that would pay for at least 100/month. [about 25 years ago]
    Since that time the meters have gotten considerably smaller, the times down to 5 sec and washing is not needed and the meters have many bells and whistles for recording data. But the price of the strips remains high. If you write to one of the meter companies, you can get one for free; they will still sock it to you for the strips.
    One somewhat cheaper solution is the generic meter and strips you can find at Wal-Mart, Target and some other bigger chains. Prices for the strips is less than $45 per 100, about half the price of proprietary meters/strips.

    IMHO this is an area with too much competition. There has to be about 10 different companies with up to 5 different models each. Almost all of the strips and meters are not compatible with anyone else. And every meter company has its own representative promoting it. Competition is usually good, but this is ridiculous.

    And on the topic of peripheral neuropathy: In addition to microvascular changes, there is good evidence that it is partially caused by nerve swelling due to high blood glucose resulting in changes in osmolarity in the neurons by metabolic multiple pathways.

  23. speedwell

    If they don’t cost that much to make, and the technology is stable, why don’t we start a company to produce test strips? It need not be the latest and greatest technology so long as it is tolerable to diabetics and cheap enough to save lives.

    Is the bottleneck the meter? OK, then charge more for the meter and less for the strips?

    What exactly are the barriers to entry of this sort of thing? I, as someone with possible blood sugar issues and a newly diagnosed brother who doesn’t seem to be responding well to his medication, would be happy to look into starting such a thing myself.

  24. Sam Steinmetz

    I wanted to point out that while I am a Type 1 Diabetic (meaning my pancreas creates little to no insulin), I have found that eating a low glycemic index diet helps me keep my BG’s down, and doesn’t cause spikes. So while I still need to take insulin, I’m almost sure that by keeping my BGs within range, and eating healthy cannot hurt. I would assume the same would go for Type 2 Diabetics, but as to whether a good diet can cure you, I am not the expert. I just read, read, and then read some more. Trying to stay away from the complications websites, and the quack who think they can cure me. As a poster previously mentioned, with so many strip distributors, you think the prices would be lower. So much for competition. Hopefully after law school I’ll be able to get a pump, but for now, even if I had one, I couldn’t afford the refills of insulin, so getting the free sample pens or vials works for me.

  25. Just one more reason I’m glad I live in the UK.

    I’m one of those unusual Type 1s – mine came on at the age of 43. However, thanks to universal ‘free at the point of demand’ health care, I don’t pay anything for my insulin kit. The NHS picks up the whole tab. Lancets, test-strips, needles, pens, insulin, test meters, spare pens, the lot. Not only that, but diabetes means that I’m given prescription charge exemption. Every single prescription I ever need for the rest of my life will be provided to me free of charge by the NHS. Sorry to rub it in, but I’m inordinately proud of our healthcare system (I work for the NHS as well as being a patient), the more so when I hear stories like this.

  26. I’m still just a chemist in training, but I always wondered if there was a way to make a blood sugar determination without somehow piercing the skin or requiring a urine sample. When I found out how much the diabetics testing supplies cost, it seemed like we could do better in terms of price.

    Thank you for pointing out that Type II diabetes isn’t the patient’s fault PalMD.

    My father was diagnosed with type II diabetes a few years back, and it’s one hundred percent under control: because of the testing strips. There’s simply no other way for him to monitor his blood sugar and make sure what he’s doing is working, period.

    Fortunately my father’s strips are covered by his insurance, but then he lives in another country as an expat and insurance there actually pays out. When my uncle, an MD in California found out that my aunt’s insurance paid the full balance of her cancer treatment, and she told him the details regarding premium etc., he was appalled. There is not one insurance company in the US that would do that, except at the higher levels. My aunt(a US citizen) lives in the same country as my father (a US citizen), for the same reason: America is not the land of opportunity it once was. People who think out healthcare program is comparable in equity, fairness, and promptness of service to the rest of the world need to take a look around. You have no idea what you’re missing out on because you accept the status quo as the best we can do. It’s simply not.

  27. Dochocson

    Two comments:

    1) Devices to non-invasively measure blood glucose have been in development for some time. There was one device that was supposed to come to market a few years ago (measured glucose like a fingertip pulse oximeter) but if I recall, it had reliability problems.

    2) In med school, the analogy for test strips was razors. The company will give you the razor for free since they know you’ll have to buy the blades over and over again.

    I agree, the strips should be covered. One more argument for single payer universal health care.

  28. I never realized that test strips were a larger expense than the tester. Why is this? Are the strips where the real technology lies in the testing process? I assumed they were just pieces of filter paper that that the tester used to get a sample without making a mess.

    Knowing that they are so expensive, I’d assume that they are coated in some sort of reagent, and the tester looks for some sort of color change to make its measurement?

  29. Ahh, wikipedia answered my question. It’s actually quite a clever technology. The strip is designed to repeatably draw a fixed volume of blood to a reaction area, where an electrochemical reaction involving glucose oxidase produces an amount of charge which is proportional to the amount of glucose in the sample. Since the sample size is fixed, a calibration constant can turn that charge measurement into a glucose concentration.

    Very clever, and quick. Measuring voltages and charge is something that modern electronics have made trivially easy, so the idea to use an electrochemical reaction to produce a rapid test is genius.

  30. @Will: “tell them to stop eating starch and sugar, or at least introduce some meals where they avoid starch and sugar completely.”

    That would be impossible to do and still maintain health. The body needs sugar to fuel muscles and the brain.

    @Natalie: “covering the stupid test strips would be a lot cheaper than paying for the inevitable ambulance ride, ER visit, hospitalization, and death of a diabetic”

    If you die, life insurance pays and the health insurer has you off the books.

    In countries that have universal health how much higher are personal taxes to the government to fund such a system? Will Americans agree to a 40%-50% income tax to pay for universal health care? Does having universal health care lower the cost to produce medical supplies or just subsidize the cost to patients? Would Americans be willing to pay higher taxes so that people with poor lifestyle habits ( poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive drinking ) who damage their health get access to free or low cost supplies?

  31. @Will: “tell them to stop eating starch and sugar, or at least introduce some meals where they avoid starch and sugar completely.”

    That would be impossible to do and still maintain health. The body needs sugar to fuel muscles and the brain.

    @Natalie: “covering the stupid test strips would be a lot cheaper than paying for the inevitable ambulance ride, ER visit, hospitalization, and death of a diabetic”

    If you die, life insurance pays and the health insurer has you off the books.

    In countries that have universal health how much higher are personal taxes to the government to fund such a system? Will Americans agree to a 40%-50% income tax to pay for universal health care? Does having universal health care lower the cost to produce medical supplies or just subsidize the cost to patients? Would Americans be willing to pay higher taxes so that people with poor lifestyle habits ( poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive drinking ) who damage their health get access to free or low cost supplies?

  32. “Will Americans agree to a 40%-50% income tax to pay for universal health care?”

    This is a red herring at best and mindless neocon fear-babble at worst. Most every civilized country on the planet provides health care without such a tax, why on Earth would one assume such a rate is needed?

    It’s like asking, “Will Americans agree to sell their kids into slavery to pay for universal health care?”

  33. Americans generally don’t like tax increase even when there is a benefit ( better school equipment etc ). Will most Americans be willing to pay increase taxes (whatever that percentage might be) on the promise that should they ever develop a chronic medical condition they can get treatment with low to no cost?

    Who cares what works other countries? They are not American in culture or history or politics. Will it work here? Are your healthy peers in agreement with paying higher taxes ( We know they WILL be higher ) to fund a universal healthcare system.

    I have Type 1 diabetes and I am NOT in favor of MY money (until the government takes it from me it is mine) helping some idiot who smoked half his life or drank his liver into early retirement getting his medical care for free.

    Some people will get diseases for other reason than the random chances of life. Life is risk.

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